Indlela yokulungisa izinkinga zokuqalisa ngemuva kokubuyekeza i-firmware noma i-BIOS

PCHardwarePro » Windows » Indlela yokulungisa izinkinga zokuqalisa ngemuva kokubuyekeza i-firmware noma i-BIOS

Nini I-PC iyayeka ukuqala kabusha ngokushesha ngemva kokubuyekeza i-firmware noma i-BIOS.Ukwesaba kubalulekile: ukuvalwa okungapheli, izikrini ezimnyama, imiyalezo ye-American Megatrends, ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-Windows okungasizi ngalutho… kanye nomuzwa wokuthi wonakalise ikhompyutha yakho. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, ikhompyutha ingabuyiselwa esimweni sayo ngokubekezela nangokulandela i- uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezihleliwe.

Kulesi sihloko uzothola a Umhlahlandlela ophelele kakhulu, ngesiSpanishi esivela eSpain futhi uqondile.ehlanganisa izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ngemuva kokuvuselelwa kwe-BIOS/UEFI, konke okuzamile (ukususa i-CMOS, ukukhanyisa izinguqulo ezahlukene, ukudlala nge-secure boot, ukuhlola i-boot bootnjll.) kanye namasu amaningi okubuyisela uhlelo ekuphileni ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha uma kungagwenywa.

Kungani i-PC ingayeka ukuqala kabusha ngemva kokuvuselelwa kwe-firmware noma i-BIOS?

I-BIOS noma i-UEFI yi- i-firmware eqala ihadiwe futhi idlulisela ukulawula ohlelweni lokusebenzaUma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngalesi sikhathi, i-Windows ngeke iqale noma izobhajwa ku-loop yokulungisa. Ukubuyekeza i-BIOS kungaholela ezimweni eziningana eziyinkinga:

Okokuqala nje, eyodwa isibuyekezo siphazamisekile noma sonakele (Ukucima kukagesi, ukumisa ngesikhathi sokukhanyisa, ifayela elingalungile, idrayivu ye-USB eyonakele) kungashiya i-firmware isesimweni esingaguquki. Kumabhodi e-motherboard anamuhla, lokhu kungalungiswa ngenxa... i-BIOS yokusekelayoIzinhlelo ze-CrashFree, i-Dual BIOS kanye ne-BIOS Flashback ziyasebenza, kodwa okwamanje i-PC ingase ingasebenzi ngokuphelele.

Esinye isizathu esivame kakhulu ukuthi, lapho kusetshenziswa inguqulo entsha, Izilungiselelo ze-BIOS zizosethwa kabusha zibe amanani azenzakalelayo.Lokhu kungashintsha i-oda lokuqalisa, kukhubaze imodi yokugcina (isibonelo, ukushintsha kusuka ku-UEFI kuya ku-Legacy/CSM noma okuphambene nalokho), noma kushintshe izilungiselelo zokuphepha ezifana nokuthi I-Boot evikelekile noma i-TPM. Umphumela: uhlelo lokusebenza alusatholakali, noma iWindows ingena eziluphini zokulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo bese ibonisa izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi Inguqulo entsha ye-BIOS ingase ingahambisani ngokugcwele nehadiwe yakho. (ikakhulukazi kumabhodi amadala anama-CPU amasha, imemori ye-DDR ene-XMP enamandla kakhulu, noma inhlanganisela engavamile yama-NVMe nama-SATA SSD), noma ingase isebenze amaphrofayili ememori ngokuzenzakalelayo angasekelwa yi-RAM yakho. Lokhu kubangela ukuqala kabusha kweketanga, izinguquko ezingajwayelekile zesisombululo ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, kanye nokungazinzi okuvamile.

Akufanele sikhohlwe ingxenye yesofthiwe: a Amafasitela onakele noma ane-BCD/MBR eyonakele Le nkinga ingavela ngokushesha ngemva kokubuyekezwa kwe-BIOS. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba ngengozi (uhlelo lwase lushintshiwe kakade), kanti ngezinye izikhathi lubangelwa ushintsho kwimodi yokuqalisa, njengokushintsha kusuka kudiski ye-MBR/Legacy ukuya ku-pure UEFI boot ngaphandle kokuthi uhlelo lulungiselelwe. Uma udinga ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nendlela iWindows ephatha ngayo umphathi wokuqalisa kanye ne-oda lokuqalisa, sicela ubheke [isixhumanisi semibhalo efanele].

Ekugcineni, kukhona izinkinga zomzimba nge-motherboard, ugesi, noma ibhethri le-CMOSI-BIOS entsha ingase ibe lukhuni kakhulu ngokufundwa kwamandla kagesi noma inkumbulo enenkinga, futhi ibhethri elifile lizokwenza izilungiselelo zilahleke njalo. Uma ibhodi lomama line-jumper eyonakele noma i-chip ye-BIOS yonakele ngempela, khona-ke ingaba cishe engalungiseki.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ngemuva kokubuyekezwa kwe-BIOS okuhlulekile noma okungqubuzanayo

Kuye ngokuthi yini engahambanga kahle, izimpawu ze-a inkinga yokuqalisa ngemuva kokuvuselelwa kwe-BIOS Zingahluka kakhulu. Ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-classic iluphu yokuvula/yokuvalaI-PC iyavula, amafeni ayajikeleza imizuzwana embalwa, iyazicisha yodwa, bese izama futhi izikhathi eziningana. Ngezinye izikhathi igcina ikhombisa isikrini sokutakula se-Windows esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esinesinqumo esiphansi esinezinketho ezithi "Qhubeka," "Xoxa Ngenkinga," noma "Cima." Noma iyiphi inketho oyikhethayo, iphinda umjikelezo.

Kuvamile futhi ukuhlangana ne- isikrini esimnyama esingenasiginali yevidiyoAmafeni azobe ejikeleza, kodwa ngeke kube khona ilogo yomkhiqizi noma imisindo ecacile. Kumabhodi ebhodi ane-buzzer, uzozwa amakhodi okukhala Lezi zikhala zibonisa ukwehluleka kwe-RAM, i-CPU, ikhadi lehluzo, njll.. Ngokusekelwe kuphethini yezikhala kanye nomkhiqizi we-BIOS (i-AMI, i-Award, i-Phoenix), ungabona ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ehlulekayo.

Esinye isimo esivamile: njalo uma uqala injini, ubona kuphela Isikrini se-American Megatrends (noma somkhiqizi) sikucela ukuthi ucindezele u-F1 Ukuze ufake ukusetha. Ugcina izinguquko, uphume, futhi uma uqala kabusha, ubuyela kumyalezo ofanayo. Lokhu kuvame ukukhombisa ukuthi i-BIOS ibheka ukuthi kunenkinga ngokucushwa (isibonelo, i-oda lokuqalisa elingavumelekile, amapharamitha angenakwenzeka, noma idivayisi yokuqalisa engaphenduli).

Kumakhompyutha e-Windows, ungase ufinyelele uphawu lomkhiqizo bese ufinyelela ku- isikrini esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sokulungiswa noma ukutakula okuzenzakalelayoIthuluzi elakhelwe ngaphakathi lizama ukulungisa inqubo yokuqalisa, kodwa likubuyisela ngokuphindaphindiwe kumenyu efanayo, ngaphandle kokuthi uhlelo lufinyelele kudeskithophu. Ngisho nalapho kusetshenziswa imiyalo ye-DISM noma ye-SFC kusuka endaweni yokutakula, konke kubonakala kulungile futhi iluphu iyaqhubeka.

Okokugcina, kunezimo lapho Yebo, ungangena kwi-BIOS ngaphandle kwezinkinga.Ubona wonke amadiski atholakele, kodwa uma uzama ukuqalisa iWindows, kuvela ilogo kuphela, iyaqina, noma ikhompyutha izivale ngokwayo. Lokhu kukhomba ukungqubuzana phakathi kokucushwa kwe-firmware, imodi yokuqalisa, kanye namafayela okuqalisa esistimu yokusebenza.

Ukuhlola okuyisisekelo ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini engathi sína

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukukhanyisa futhi, ukufaka amathuluzi angaphandle, noma ukuyeka ibhodi lomama, kuyalulekwa ukuthi buyekeza uchungechunge lwamaphuzu alula okuvame ukuba yimbangela yenkinga.

Owokuqala yi- i-oda lokuqalisa ku-BIOS/UEFIKuvamile ngokumangazayo ukuthi ngemva kokuvuselelwa kwe-firmware, i-motherboard inquma ukuthi i-USB drive yakho engenalutho, i-hard drive yesibili, noma ngisho nenethiwekhi (PXE) iyona inketho yokuqala yokuqalisa. Faka i-BIOS, iya esigabeni esithi "Boot", bese uqinisekisa ukuthi i-drive lapho i-Windows ifakiwe ibhalwe njengokhetho lokuqala. Abanye abasebenzisi, ngemva kwezinsuku zokuzabalaza, balungise inkinga ngokumane bathuthe i-SSD yabo enesistimu yokusebenza bayise phezulu ohlwini lokuqalisa.

Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukunqamula ukuxhumana. Amadrayivu e-USB, amadrayivu angaphandle kanye namakhadi e-SDUma idrayivu yangaphandle inethebula lokuhlukanisa elingacacile noma umkhakha wokuqalisa, i-BIOS ingase izame ukuqala kuyo bese iphahlazeka. Shiya ikhibhodi, igundane, imonitha, kanye nedrayivu yangaphakathi eyinhloko kuxhunyiwe.

Okwesibili, hlola imodi yokuqalisa kanye nokucushwa kwesilawuli sesitorejiI-UEFI vs. Legacy/CSM, i-AHCI vs. i-RAID, i-Secure Boot ivuliwe noma ikhutshaziwe. Uma i-Windows yakho ifakwe kwimodi ethile futhi i-BIOS entsha iyishintshile, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ngeke iqale. Zama ukuphinda ukucushwa okudala: uma ubune-UEFI boot emsulwa, khubaza i-CSM; uma uhlelo lwakho lukudiski ye-MBR, kungadingeka ukuthi unike amandla i-CSM noma ugcine ukusethwa kwe-mixed boot.

Ekugcineni, qiniseka ukuthi i-BIOS ifakiwe Ithola kahle i-RAM kanye neprosesaKhubaza amaphrofayili e-overclocking noma e-XMP okwamanje; qala nge-module eyodwa yememori kusokhethi enconywayo (isb., i-A2) bese ushiya konke kumaza ajwayelekile. Ukungazinzi okuningi ngemva kokubuyekezwa kumane kuvela kuphrofayili ye-XMP engasazinzile ngenguqulo entsha ye-firmware.

Setha kabusha i-CMOS bese ubuyisela i-BIOS kuzilungiselelo zayo zasembonini

Isinyathelo esicishe sibe yisibopho lapho i-PC ingavuli kahle ngemva kokukhanyisa i-BIOS ukwenza i-a Sula i-CMOS noma usethe kabusha ukucushwa okugcweleLokhu akuyisusi i-BIOS ngokwayo, kodwa kusula zonke izinketho ezenziwe ngokwezifiso (ukusebenzisa i-overclocking, i-boot order, ama-voltage, njll.) okungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukuqina.

Indlela yakudala iqukethe: Cima i-PC ngokuphelele bese uyikhipha ku-outlet kagesi.Cindezela bese ubamba inkinobho yamandla imizuzwana engama-30-60 ukuze ukhiphe noma yimaphi amandla asele. Bese uvula ikesi bese uthola ibhethri le-CMOS lebhodi le-motherboard, ngokuvamile eliyiseli lezinhlamvu zemali le-3V CR2032. Likhiphe ngokucophelela, ulishiye ngaphandle imizuzu embalwa, bese ulishintsha. Uma uvula uhlelo, i-BIOS izobe isisethwe kabusha kuzilungiselelo zayo zasembonini.

Ama-cooktop amaningi esimanje nawo anikeza Inkinobho ye-Clear CMOS ebonakalayo noma i-jumper ethileKulezi zimo, mane ulandele ibhukwana: uma idivayisi ivuliwe futhi inqanyuliwe, beka i-jumper endaweni ebonisiwe noma ucindezele inkinobho imizuzwana embalwa. Uma ivuliwe futhi, izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zomenzi zizolayishwa.

Kubalulekile ukuthi, ngemva kokusetha kabusha, ufake i-BIOS bese uhlola futhi. ulimi, usuku/isikhathi, imodi ye-UEFI/Legacy, kanye ne-oda lokuqalisaUngamane nje wamukele ngaphandle kokubheka, ngoba amanye amanani azenzakalelayo ngeke afane nendlela ofake ngayo iWindows.

Uma inkinga ivela ku- ukucushwa okonakele noma okungahambisaniLesi sinyathelo esilula ngokuvamile sanele ukuqalisa kabusha ikhompyutha yakho ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Uma, ngemva kokususa i-CMOS, usabhekene nezihibe zokuvala, izikrini ezimnyama, noma ithuluzi lokulungisa elizenzakalelayo elisebenza unomphela, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe.

Phinda ukhanyise i-BIOS, ubuyekeze, noma wehlise izinga lenguqulo.

Uma usola ukuthi Isithombe se-BIOS esifakiwe sonakele noma asizinzile. Ngehadiwe yakho, ikhambi liwukuvuselela. Nazi izindlela ezimbili ezinengqondo, kuye ngomkhiqizi:

Okokuqala, ungazama faka kabusha inguqulo efanayo ye-BIOS Ukusebenzisa i-utility eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yebhodi lomama (i-Q-Flash ku-Gigabyte, i-EZ Flash ku-ASUS, i-M-Flash ku-MSI, njll.). Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphakathi kwe-BIOS, kucaciswe ifayela eligcinwe kudrayivu ye-USB eyayifomethwe ngaphambilini ku-FAT32. Kubalulekile ukulanda i-firmware eqondile yemodeli yakho kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, uyikhiphe, bese uyikopisha kufolda yempande yedrayivu ye-USB.

Uma uqhubeka nokuba nezinkinga, enye inketho iwukuthi Shintsha inguqulo: Buyekeza uye enguqulweni entsha, noma yehlisele kweyangaphambilini. Ukuze wazi nje, bekuzinzile. Abanye abasebenzisi, ngemva kokuthuthukela ku-firmware yakamuva ye-F11 nokubhekana nokuvalwa njalo, babuyele ku-F10 ngaphandle kwengozi; abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, basuke ku-firmware endala kakhulu ebangele izinkinga nge-VR, ama-NVMe SSD, noma i-virtual reality baya kweyesimanje.

Amanye amabhodi omama afaka ama-chip amabili e-BIOS (i-Dual BIOS) noma elilodwa i-BIOS yokusekelayo engabuyekezwa noma ibuyiselwe esimweni sayoUkukhetha inketho ethi "buyekeza i-BIOS yokusekelayo" kungaba usizo, kodwa uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesikhathi senqubo, uzosala ungenayo ikhophi yokusekelayo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi ungalokothi uphazamise inqubo yokukhanyisa, ungalokothi ucime ikhompyutha, futhi ungalokothi uthinte idrayivu ye-USB kuze kube yilapho umenzi ebonisa ukuthi isiqediwe.

Amamodeli aphakathi kuya aphezulu ngokuvamile afaka izici ezifana nokuthi I-CrashFree BIOS, i-Q-Flash Plus noma i-BIOS FlashbackLobu buchwepheshe bukuvumela ukuthi ukhanyise i-firmware kusuka echwebeni elithile le-USB usebenzisa inkinobho, ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthi i-PC iqalise noma ukuthi ifake i-CPU/RAM. Buyisisombululo esiphuthumayo lapho uhlelo lungabonisi ngisho nesithombe kodwa i-motherboard isasebenza.

Ukulungisa i-Windows startup: Imodi Ephephile, Ukulungisa Okuzenzakalelayo, kanye Nokwakhiwa Kabusha kwe-MBR/BCD

Uma i-firmware isivele ibonakala izinzile (ungangena kwi-BIOS ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ithola amadiski futhi azikho izihibe ezingavamile), kodwa Amafasitela ayabhajwa esikrinini sokulayisha, ahlala elungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo, noma abonise amaphutha okuqalisaSekuyisikhathi sokugxila ohlangothini lwesofthiwe.

Enye indlela ukuzama ukungena Imodi ephephileUsebenzisa imidiya yokufaka ye-Windows 10/11 noma idrayivu ye-USB yokutakula, ungaqalisa kusuka ohlelweni, ukhethe ulimi lwakho, futhi esikhundleni sokufaka, chofoza okuthi "Lungisa ikhompyutha yakho." Ukusuka lapho, iya ku-"Troubleshoot > Izinketho Ezithuthukisiwe > Izilungiselelo Zokuqalisa" bese ukhetha i-Safe Mode (isibonelo, ngokucindezela u-F4). Uma uhlelo luqala ngale ndlela, inkinga ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nabashayeli behadiwe, isofthiwe yomuntu wesithathu, noma izinguquko zakamuva ezingabuyiselwa emuva.

Enye indlela yi- Ukulungiswa kokuqalisa kufakiwe endaweni yokutakula ye-Windows. Futhi, kusukela kusifaki noma kudrayivu ye-USB yokutakula, iya ku-"Troubleshoot > Izinketho Ezithuthukisiwe > Ukulungiswa Kokuqalisa" bese uvumela i-Windows ukuthi ihlaziye amafayela okuqalisa. Leli thuluzi lilungisa izinkinga ezivamile, yize lingeke lisebenze izimangaliso uma ithebula lokuhlukanisa noma i-BCD lonakele kakhulu.

Uma lokhu okungenhla kungasebenzi, ungasebenzisa Isaziso somyalo endaweni yokutakula futhi wakhe kabusha i-MBR noma i-BCD ngesandla. Imiyalo evame ukusetshenziswa yile:

i-bootrec / i-RebuildBcd
bootrec / fixMbr
i-bootrec / fixboot

Uma ikhompyutha ingakaqali, ungazama okulandelayo: i-bootsect /nt60 SYS o i-bootsect /nt60 KONKE ukuze ubhale kabusha ikhodi yokuqalisa yamadrayivu. Qiniseka njalo ukuthi iyiphi idrayivu yesistimu ukuze ugweme ukushintsha amadivayisi angalungile.

Amathuluzi afana I-DISM ne-SFC Zisiza ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bamafayela esistimu. Ukusuka endaweni efana ne-Hiren's BootCD PE noma imidiya yokufaka ye-Windows uqobo, ungasebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo, uhlose ukufakwa okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi:

dism /image:C:\ /cleanup-image /restorehealth
sfc /scannow /offbootdir=C:\/offwindir=C:\Windows

Uma i-DISM ne-SFC zingakuboni ukonakala futhi ihadiwe yediski iphumelela ukuhlolwa okufana noku I-CrystalDiskInfo noma i-HDTune Awekho amaphutha, kodwa usabambeke ezinkingeni zokulungisa; ingxabano kungenzeka ukuthi isenkingeni ye-BIOS-boot mode-Secure Boot, kunokuba kube ukwehluleka kwediski.

I-Vikela i-Boot, okhiye beplatifomu, i-TPM, nezinye izilungiselelo ezibucayi

Ukufika kwe-UEFI kwahambisana nakho izici zokuphepha ezifana ne-Secure Boot kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-TPMNgemva kokubuyekezwa kwe-BIOS, kuvamile ukuthi lezi zilungiselelo ziguqulwe futhi i-Windows ihumushe ukuthi ayisekho endaweni ethembekile.

Imenyu yokuphepha ye-UEFI ivame ukuba nezinketho ze- susa okhiye be-Secure Boot, layisha okhiye abazenzakalelayo beplatifomu, bese uvumela noma ukhubaze i-Secure Boot uqoboAbanye abasebenzisi bazame ukusula zonke izinkinobho, ukulayisha ezizenzakalelayo, nokuhlanza i-TPM, kodwa inkinga yokuqalisa iyaqhubeka ngoba umthombo wenkinga ukhona kwenye indawo. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Secure Boot ifana nendlela i-Windows efakwe ngayo.

Uma uhlelo lwakho lufakwe nge I-Secure Boot ikhutshaziwe Futhi manje njengoba i-BIOS entsha isiyinike amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo, uhlelo lungase lungasayini kahle futhi lungaphahlazeka. Uma kunjalo, khubaza i-Secure Boot okwesikhashana bese uzama futhi. Uma ifakwe nge-Secure Boot evuliwe futhi manje ikhutshaziwe noma inokhiye owonakele, yivule kabusha bese ulayisha okhiye basefektri.

Ngokuqondene ne I-TPM (I-Trusted Platform Module)Ukususa okuqukethwe kwayo kungabangela izinkinga ngokubethela idiski (i-BitLocker) kanye nokuqinisekiswa. Ungayisusi kalula uma unevolumu ebethelwe, noma ungalahlekelwa ukufinyelela kudatha ngaphandle kwezihluthulelo zokubuyisa.

Umqondo ojwayelekile uwukuthi, ngemva kokubuyekeza i-BIOS, uthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuze buyekeza ngokucophelela amamenyu okuphepha, ama-boot, kanye nesitorejiUngacabangi ukuthi "okwakukhona ngaphambili" kusasebenza, ngoba abakhiqizi abaningi bashintsha amanani azenzakalelayo phakathi kwezinguqulo.

Amaphutha ehadiwe ahlobene ne-BIOS: i-RAM, ibhethri, i-motherboard jumper, kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla

Uma, naphezu kwakho konke, umshini ungakaqali kahle, kubalulekile ukucabangela lokho I-BIOS iveza noma ikhulisa inkinga yehadiwe ebonakalayo lokho akuzange kuqashelwe ngaphambili.

Inkomba ecacile yile amakhodi okukhala ekuqaleniIphethini ngayinye (ukukhala okukodwa okude kulandelwe okubili okufushane, uchungechunge oluqhubekayo, njll.) kubonisa okuthile okuhlukile: amaphutha enkumbulo, izinkinga zekhadi lehluzo, izinkinga ze-CPU, njll. Uzothola ithebula elinencazelo eqondile yemodeli yakho yebhodi lomama kanye nohlobo lwe-BIOS encwadini yemiyalelo yebhodi lomama noma kuwebhusayithi yomenzi. Uma ikhodi ikhomba ku-RAM, isibonelo, zama imojula eyodwa, isikhala esihlukile, noma uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-RAM.

La ibhethri le-CMOS elingasebenzi kahle Futhi kuyinkinga ejwayelekile: uma ibhethri selifile, i-motherboard ilahlekelwa izilungiselelo zayo njalo uma ucima ugesi. Uzobona isikhathi sisethwa kabusha, amanani azenzakalelayo ebuyela emuva, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uhlelo luqhubeka luzama ukungena kwi-BIOS, luhlala lucela ukuqinisekiswa. Ukufaka ibhethri elisha esikhundleni salo (njalo i-PC ivaliwe futhi ingaxhunyiwe) kuvame ukuxazulula lolu hlobo lokuziphatha okungajwayelekile.

Kwezinye izitsha, i-jumper enesibopho se-Clear CMOS noma izindlela ezikhethekile Kungase kube sendaweni engafanele noma kube nephutha. Uma ikhompyutha ihlala ibambeke kwimodi yokutakula ye-BIOS, qiniseka ukuthi i-jumper ibuyele endaweni yayo evamile ngemuva kwanoma yimuphi umzamo wokubuyisela i-firmware.

Akufanele sikhohlwe amandla kagesiUkunikezwa kwamandla okungazinzile noma okunganele kungabangela ukungasebenzi ngesikhathi esibucayi sokuqalisa, okuphoqa uhlelo ukuthi luqale kabusha njalo. Ukwanda kwamandla ngesikhathi sokukhanyisa kwe-BIOS kungenye yezinhlanganisela ezimbi kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa isivikelo sokukhuphuka noma i-UPS enhle, nokugwema izibuyekezo ze-BIOS ngesikhathi seziphepho noma lapho uhlelo lukagesi lugcwele ngokweqile, kubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala.

Okokugcina, kukhona isimo esingavamile kodwa esibucayi se- Igciwane le-BIOSAzivamile, kodwa zikhona futhi zingathinta i-chip ye-firmware, zihlale ngisho nangemva kokuba idiski ifomethwe. Izixazululo ezisebenzayo kuphela amathuluzi e-antivirus akhethekile ezingeni le-firmware noma ukubuyisela i-BIOS esimweni esihlanzekile kusetshenziswa izindlela zokubuyisa zomenzi.

Nini ukusebenzisa amathuluzi avela eceleni ukulungisa izinkinga zokuqalisa

Uma usuqedile izinketho ze-Windows ezakhelwe ngaphakathi futhi i-motherboard ibonakala izinzile, kungaba nengqondo ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezikhethekile zenkampani yangaphandle ukulungisa inqubo yokuqalisa, ithebula lokuhlukanisa, noma ngisho nokuthuthela uhlelo kwenye idiski uma usola ukuthi elamanje libangela izinkinga.

Kukhona amasuite afana I-EaseUS WinRescuer noma i-EaseUS Partition Master okuhlanganisa amamojula anamandla kakhulu "okulungisa ama-boot". Ukuhamba komsebenzi kuvame ukufana: ku-PC esebenzayo, udala idrayivu ye-USB ebhuthwayo ngethuluzi, ukhetha izingxenye ozidingayo (amathuluzi okuqalisa, izinsiza zokuhlukanisa, njll.), bese uqala ikhompyutha enenkinga kuleyo drayivu ye-USB, uyilungiselele njengedivayisi yokuqala yokuqalisa ku-BIOS.

Uma usungene endaweni yakho ye-WinPE, vula ithuluzi lokulungisa amabhuthi, khetha uhlelo lwe-Windows ofuna ukululungisa, bese uluvumela ukuthi lwenze umsebenzi walo. Lezi zixazululo zivame ukusingatha lungisa i-BCD, lungisa i-MBR, lungisa amapharamitha okuhlukanisa kanye nezinye izinkinga ukulungiswa kweWindows okujwayelekile ngezinye izikhathi okwehluleka ukuzixazulula.

Futhi emkhakheni wokuphepha kwedatha, kunconywa kakhulu ukuba ne- isofthiwe yokusekelayo engathi sína (Isibonelo, i-EaseUS Todo Backup noma izinhlelo ezifanayo). Ukuba nesithombe sakamuva sesistimu yakho namafayela kudrayivu yangaphandle noma efwini kwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuchitha intambama ulungisa yonke into nokwesaba ngoba ulahlekelwe amadokhumenti abalulekile.

Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele usethe ama-backups ahleliwe (nsuku zonke, masonto onke, noma nyanga zonke) kanye nama-backups akhuphukayo noma ahlukile, ukuze uma kwenzeka i-BIOS disasco, ukwehluleka kwebhodi lomama, noma uhlelo lwe-Windows olungenakuvuselelwa, ukwazi ukubuyisela uhlelo lwakho kwenye ihadiwe ehambisanayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ulwazi.

Kunini lapho kunengqondo ukuyeka ukuphikelela bese ucabanga ngokushintsha i-motherboard noma i-PC?

Yize iningi le- Izinkinga zokuqalisa ngemuva kokuvuselelwa kwe-BIOS zinesixazululoKungase kufike isikhathi lapho ukuqhubeka uzama ukukhanyisa, ukususa i-CMOS, kanye nokuhlola ama-jumpers kumane nje kuchitha isikhathi esiningi kanye nedatha yengozi.

Uma ngemuva kokusebenzisa wonke amathuluzi okubuyisa idatha omenzi (Clear CMOS, Backup BIOS, CrashFree, Flashback, njll.), uma ngemva kokuphinda usebenzise izinguqulo eziningana, ukuzama nge-RAM ehlukile, ukunikezwa kwamandla, ngisho neprosesa eyisisekelo, ikhompyutha ihlala ifile ngokuphelele noma iziphatha ngendlela engahlelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi i-chip ye-BIOS noma isekethe ethile yokhiye ebhodini lomama yonakele.

Kumabhodi omama amadala kakhulu, lapho kungekho khona izibuyekezo, abashayeli noma ukwesekwa, kungase kube nomqondo ongcono tshala imali kubhodi entsha noma ngisho nekhompyutha ephelele kunokuba uqhubeke ulwa nehadiwe, noma ngabe ivuselelwe, ezokunikeza inkinga ngenxa yesofthiwe nokuntuleka kokusekelwa kwesimanje.

Eqinisweni, abakhiqizi abaningi kanye nabahlanganisi basebenzisa amabhodi abo omama aphezulu ukuze banikeze okwengeziwe okufana nokuthi I-BIOS ekabili, izinkinobho zokubuyisa ezinikezelwe, kanye namachweba e-USB akhethekile okukhanyisa ngaphandle kwe-CPULokhu kwenzelwa ukwenza lezi zimo ezimbi zingabi yingozi kangako. Uma uzothuthukisa imishini yakho, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhumbula lezi zici.

Futhi uma ekugcineni unquma ukushintsha amapulatifomu, okungenani uzokwazi ukusebenzisa konke okufundile: Ungabuyekezi i-BIOS "ngoba nje" ngaphandle kwesidingo esicacile.Landela njalo imiyalelo esemthethweni yomenzi, sebenzisa isivikelo sikagesi esihle, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ube nezipele ezibuyekeziwe ukuze ukwazi ukulala kahle ngisho noma isibuyekezo esibucayi singahambi kahle.

Ngamafuphi, uma i-PC yehluleka ukuqala kabusha ngemva kokuvuselelwa kwe-firmware noma i-BIOS, akusho ukuthi isifile: ngokuhlola i-oda lokuqalisa kanye nezindlela ze-UEFI/Legacy, ukwenza i-CMOS ecacile, ukuphinda uvuselele ngokucophelela, ukulungisa inqubo yokuqalisa ye-Windows (MBR/BCD), ukuhlola i-Secure Boot kanye ne-TPM, nokususa izinkinga zomzimba nge-RAM, ibhethri, ukunikezwa kwamandla, noma i-motherboard, kungenzeka ukubuyisela amakhompyutha amaningi ekuphileni; futhi uma isasebenza, okungenani uzokwazi ngokuqiniseka okunengqondo ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokumisa i-motherboard ngaphandle kokuchitha amahora amaningi ngokungaboni.