Lungisa izinkinga ze-Wi-Fi, izingxabano ze-IP, kanye ne-DNS ehamba kancane

PCHardwarePro » Windows » Lungisa izinkinga ze-Wi-Fi, izingxabano ze-IP, kanye ne-DNS ehamba kancane

Uma uxhumano lwakho olungenantambo luqhubeka nokwehla, uthola amaphutha e-IP angavamile, noma amawebhusayithi elayisha kancane kakhulu yize ukuhlolwa kwejubane kukhombisa izibalo ezinhle kakhulu, awuwedwa. Izinkinga ze-Wi-Fi, izingxabano ze-IP, kanye nokwehluleka kwe-DNS Lezi ziphakathi kwezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ku-Windows naku-Android, futhi zingabangelwa yizici eziyinkulungwane: kusukela ekuhlulekeni okulula kwe-router kuya kubashayeli benethiwekhi abonakele noma ukucushwa kwesistimu okubi.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lalezi zinkinga lingaxazululwa ekhaya, ngaphandle kokuba unjiniyela wenethiwekhi. Ngezinguquko ezimbalwa ezenziwe kahle kanye nokusebenzisa amathuluzi uhlelo oluvele luwanikeza (kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwe-router), kungenzeka ukusuka ku-Wi-Fi engazinzile kanye ne-DNS ehamba kancane kancane uye ekuxhumekeni okuqinile nokusheshayo ngemizuzu embalwa.

Kwenzekani: ukunqanyulwa, ukungqubuzana kwe-IP, kanye ne-DNS ehamba kancane

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukudlala ngezinto ezilungiselelwe ngokungahleliwe, kufanelekile ukuqonda okungenani okuncane ukuthi yiziphi izingcezu ezihilelekile. Uma uxhuma kwi-inthanethi, i-router, iseva ye-DHCP, i-DNS, i-adaptha yenethiwekhi yakho, kanye nesistimu yokusebenza ngokwayo konke kuyasetshenziswa.Uma noma iyiphi yazo yehluleka, kuvela izimpawu ezinjengalezi:

• I-Wi-Fi ixhunyiwe kodwa ayikho i-inthanethiIsithonjana sibukeka silungile, kodwa amawebhusayithi awalayishi noma kuvela umlayezo ojwayelekile "ongaxhumekile ku-inthanethi".
• Imiyalezo yokungqubuzana kwekheli le-IPAmadivayisi amabili kunethiwekhi azama ukusebenzisa ikheli le-IP langaphakathi elifanayo, futhi lokho kuphula ukuxhumana.
• I-DNS ihamba kancane kakhulu noma ayiphenduliIsiphequluli sithatha isikhathi eside ukuqala ukulayisha amakhasi, noma kuvela iphutha elithi "iseva ye-DNS ayiphenduli".
• Ukuthola ikheli le-IP elingenamkhawuloUcingo noma i-PC inamathela "ekutholeni ikheli le-IP" unomphela futhi ayilokothi ixhumeke.
• Ukuxhumana okungazinzile noma ukuphazamiseka okungahleliweUxhumano lwe-Wi-Fi luyafika ludlule, ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yokugcwala kweziteshi, ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yamaphutha esofthiwe.

Uma inkinga imayelana ne-DNS, okwehlulekayo "umhumushi" oguqula amagama esizinda (isibonelo, "example.com") abe amakheli e-IP anezinombolo. Uma iseva ye-DNS yehluleka, igcwala ngokweqile, noma ingalungiselelwanga kahleIkhompyutha yakho ayikwazi ukuxazulula izizinda futhi isiphequluli siyalinda noma sibonise amaphutha e-DNS aqondile.

Amaphutha e-DNS: kungani kuvela "iseva ye-DNS ingaphenduli"?

Umlayezo othi "Iseva ye-DNS ayiphenduli" uyinto evamile kokubili kuma-Windows nakwamanye amasistimu. Empeleni, kusho ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho ayikwazanga ukuxhuma kahle neseva ye-DNS. okulungiselelwe ukubuza. Lokhu akuyona inkinga ngewebhusayithi uqobo, kodwa ngesendlalelo somlamuleli esiphatha ukuhumusha igama.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zaleli phutha ziyahlukahluka kakhulu: Izinkinga zesikhashana ngeseva ye-DNS ye-ISP yakho, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-router, isiphequluli esiphelelwe yisikhathi, i-antivirus noma ama-firewall avimba ithrafikhi, i-DNS cache eyonakele, noma i-Windows network stack eyonakeleNgokwezinga elincane, kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yezinkinga ngokusingathwa kwewebhusayithi, kodwa ngokuvamile inkinga isuke ikuwe.

Ngenhlanhla, ngokuvamile ingalungiswa ngezenzo ezilula kakhulu. Qala kabusha i-router yakho nekhompyutha, zama isiphequluli esihlukile, noma ushintshe okwesikhashana amaseva akho e-DNS. Lokho kungase kwanele ukwenza umlayezo unyamalale. Uma lokho kunganele, kunezixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ongazisebenzisa ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu.

Ukuze uqonde indima ye-DNS, kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokho Amaseva e-DNS ayizinhlelo ezigcina futhi zixazulule amagama esizindangakho akudingeki ukuthi ubambe ngekhanda amakheli e-IP ezinombolo. Ngaphandle kwalesi sici, ukuphequlula i-inthanethi kungaba njengokuzama ukushayela ucingo wazi amagama kuphela, kodwa hhayi izinombolo.

Izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokuqeda izinkinga ezilula

Ngaphambi kokungena emiyalweni ethuthukisiwe, kungumqondo omuhle ukukhipha elula kakhulu. Isu elihle ukuqala ngesiphequluli kanye ne-router, bese uqhubekela ku-antivirus kanye ne-firewall, bese ekugcineni ubheka uhlelo lokusebenza.Ngale ndlela ugwema ukudlala ngezilungiselelo ezibucayi uma inkinga yayiyinto encane.

Okokuqala, zama finyelela iwebhusayithi efanayo kusuka kwesinye isiphequluliUma usebenzisa i-Chrome njalo, zama ukufinyelela isayithi nge-Edge, Firefox, noma i-Safari (uma usebenzisa i-Mac). Uma iwebhusayithi isebenza kahle kusiphequluli esihlukile, inkinga kungenzeka kakhulu ngesiphequluli ngokwaso: inguqulo esiphelelwe yisikhathi, isandiso esiphikisanayo, noma i-cache eyonakele. Yibuyekeze ibe yinguqulo yakamuva eqinile noma uyifake kabusha kusukela ekuqaleni uma isivele ivuselelwe.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo esicishe sibe yisibopho yilesi qala kabusha i-router kanye nekhompyuthaI-router iqoqa i-cache, idatha yeseshini, kanye namaphutha amancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele uyicime ngokuyikhipha ku-outlet kagesi, ulinde imizuzwana eyi-10-15, bese uyiphinda uyixhume, kunokusebenzisa inkinobho yokuvula uma inayo. Ku-PC yakho, ukuqala kabusha okugcwele nakho kusula izimo ezingavamile ze-network stack.

Uma ngemuva kwalezi zinyathelo ezimbili usenephutha elifanayo, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi likhona yini Ingabe i-antivirus yakho, i-firewall, noma i-security suite iphazamisa ithrafikhi ye-DNS?Ku-Windows, ungaya ku-Control Panel noma ku-Security Settings, uthole i-Virus & threat protection, bese uyikhubaza okwesikhashana. Ku-macOS, ungayikhubaza imizuzu embalwa ku-System Preferences, ngaphansi kwe-Security & Privacy > Firewall.

Uma sekuvaliwe, zama ukuphequlula futhi. Uma ukukhubaza i-antivirus yakho noma i-firewall kukuvimbela ekuboneni amaphutha e-DNSUnezinketho ezimbili ezinengqondo: engeza iwebhusayithi enenkinga ohlwini olugunyaziwe (uma ithembekile) noma ucabangele ukushintsha noma ukubuyekeza ikhambi lakho lokuphepha, ngoba imojuli yayo yokuhlunga ibangela izinkinga eziningi kunokulindelekile. Khumbula ukuvuselela isivikelo ngemva kokuhlolwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwesistimu yokusebenza: imodi ephephile nokuxhumeka

Uma izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zingaxazululi lutho, sekuyisikhathi sokubheka ngokujulile ohlelweni. Imodi ephephile enenethiwekhi iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuhlola ukuthi inkinga ivela ezinhlelweni zezinkampani zangaphandle., abashayeli abafakwe ngendlela engafanele noma izingxabano zangaphakathi ngemva kokubuyekezwa kwesistimu.

Ku-Windows, ungaqala imodi ephephile ngokuxhumana kusuka esikrinini sokuqalisa kabusha. Cindezela u-Setha kabusha ngenkathi ubambe inkinobho ethi ShiftEsikhundleni sokuqala ngokujwayelekile, uzobona imenyu yezinketho. Iya ku-"Troubleshoot," bese kuba "Izinketho Ezithuthukisiwe," bese kuba "Izilungiselelo Zokuqalisa." Ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha okunye, uzokwazi ukukhetha inketho evumela i-Safe Mode nge-Networking. Kulesi simo esincane, vula isiphequluli sakho bese uzama ukufinyelela amawebhusayithi anenkinga.

Ku-macOS, kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo kodwa ngenhlanganisela ehlukile. Uma i-Mac icishiwe, yivule ngenkathi ubambe ukhiye we-Shift. kuze kuvele ilogo ye-Apple. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi ungene kabili; lokhu kuvamile. Isibonakaliso esithi "Safe Boot" kufanele sivele kubha yemenyu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuleyo modi. Zulazula ezinkethweni bese ubona ukuthi inkinga iyaqhubeka yini.

Uma ukuzulazula kusebenza kahle kumodi ephephile, lokho kuyinkomba ecacile yokuthi Isofthiwe ethile esanda kufakwa, umshayeli, noma ngisho nokuvuselelwa kwesistimu kubangela ukungqubuzanaUma kunjalo, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ukhiphe noma yiziphi izinhlelo osanda kuzingeza, uhlole izandiso zesiphequluli, futhi, uma kudingeka, ubuyisele isipele sangaphambi kokuba inkinga ivele.

Enye into efanele ukuhlolwa ukuthi idivayisi yakho inayo yini ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okusebenzayo okuningi okungase kuphazamiseCabanga ukuthi unama-adaptha e-Ethernet, i-Wi-Fi, i-VPN virtual, kanye nezinye izixhumi ezifakiwe; ngezinye izikhathi i-Windows yenza inhlanganisela engeyinhle.

Ku-Windows ungaya ku-Control Panel > Network and Internet > Network and Sharing Center, bese uchofoza lapho ku-"Shintsha izilungiselelo ze-adaptha". Vala konke ukuxhumana ongakusebenzisi (Chofoza kwesokudla > Khubaza) ushiye i-adaptha esebenzayo kuphela oyisebenzisela ukuxhuma. Ku-Mac, kusuka ku-System Preferences > Network, khetha izinsizakalo zenethiwekhi ongazidingi bese uzisusa ngenkinobho ethi "-", ugcine uxhumano olusebenzayo kuphela (i-Wi-Fi noma i-Ethernet, noma ngabe usebenzisa ini).

Lungisa iWindows usebenzisa imiyalo yenethiwekhi: ipconfig kanye ne-netsh

Uma inkinga ibonakala igxile ku-Windows hhayi kakhulu ku-router noma kusiphequluli, sekuyisikhathi sokusebenzisa amathuluzi anikezwa uhlelo ngokwalo. Imiyalo ye-ipconfig kanye ne-netsh ingamathuluzi amabili anamandla kakhulu okubuyisa inethiwekhi esiphenduke "isiwula". ngemva kwengxabano ye-IP, ukucima kukagesi, noma i-malware.

Umyalo ipconfig Akukhona nje ukubuka ikheli lakho le-IP eliyimfihlo noma ukuthi iyiphi i-DNS oyisebenzisayo; ngamapharamitha athile, ikuvumela futhi ukuthi ukhulule futhi uvuselele ikheli lakho le-IP futhi usule i-DNS cache yakho. Ukuze uyisebenzise, ​​vula iwindi le-Command Prompt (cmd) elinamalungelo omlawuli: sesha i-"cmd" kubha yomsebenzi, chofoza kwesokudla ku-"Command Prompt," bese ukhetha i-"Run as administrator."

Ngaphakathi kwalelo windi elimnyama, ungagijima:

• ipconfig / ukukhululwa: ikhipha ikheli le-IP lamanje elinikezwe idivayisi bese iyinqamula okwesikhashana kunethiwekhi.
• ipconfig / uvuselele: icela ikheli elisha le-IP kusuka kuseva ye-DHCP (ngokuvamile i-router yakho), isetha kabusha uxhumano kusukela ekuqaleni.
• ipconfig / flushdns: isula i-DNS cache egcinwe kukhompyutha, iwusizo uma kunezinqumo ezindala noma ezonakele.

Le miyalo emithathu iyasiza kakhulu uma uhlupheka Ukungqubuzana kwe-IP, izinkinga zokuthola ikheli, ukwehluleka komzila, noma amaphutha e-DNS aqhubekayoUkukhulula nokuvuselela ikheli le-IP kuphoqa uhlelo ukuthi lwakhe kabusha ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi futhi luxoxisane ne-router.

Elinye ithuluzi elihle kakhulu netshLona umyalo othuthukisiwe wokuphatha izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi yangaphakathi ku-Windows. Ngezinjongo zokulungisa, ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu yileyo ehlobene ne-Winsock. I-Winsock yikhathalogi ephatha indlela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezixhumana ngayo ne-inthanethiUma yonakaliswa yi-malware, ukufakwa okunephutha, noma ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinhlelo, kuzovela amaphutha anjengokuthi "akukho ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi" noma ukwehluleka okubanzi ukuvula amawebhusayithi.

Ukuze uyisethe kabusha, kulelo windi elifanayo lomyalo elinamalungelo okuphatha, sebenzisa:

• I-neth winsock kabusha: isetha kabusha ikhathalogi ye-Winsock esimweni sayo esizenzakalelayo.
• ukusetha kabusha kwe-netsh int ip: Isetha kabusha yonke i-TCP/IP stack, ngokucindezela okukhulu, ibuyisela ukucushwa okuyisisekelo.

Ngemva kokusebenzisa le miyalo, kunconywa Qala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho ukuze izinguquko ziqale ukusebenza.Qaphela ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingadinga ukulungiswa kabusha okulandelayo: izinhlelo ze-antivirus ezihlunga ithrafikhi, amaklayenti e-VPN, ama-firewall ezinkampani zangaphandle, noma amathuluzi enethiwekhi yenkampani angase alahlekelwe ezinye zezilungiselelo zawo futhi adinge ukulungiswa kabusha.

Ngaphezu kokusebenzisa imiyalo, iWindows ifaka phakathi izixazululi zinkinga ezizenzakalelayoKu-Windows 11, uzothola ku-Izilungiselelo > Uhlelo > Ukuxazulula Inkinga, naku-Windows 10 ku-Update & Security > Ukuxazulula Inkinga. Lapho uzobona abaxazululi bezinkinga be-inthanethi, ama-adapter enethiwekhi, izibuyekezo, nokuningi. Abaxazululi inkinga njalo, kodwa banikeza usizo olusheshayo futhi, uma bengayixazululi, okungenani banikeza izincomo ezengeziwe.

Buyekeza noma faka kabusha abashayeli be-adaptha yenethiwekhi

Esinye isizathu esivame kakhulu sokunqamuka, i-DNS engaguquki, noma ukulahlekelwa isivinini ukuthi Abashayeli be-adaptha yenethiwekhi baphelelwe yisikhathi, bonakele, noma abahambisani nesibuyekezo sakamuva se-WindowsLokhu kuvame kakhulu ngemva kokuvuselelwa okukhulu kwesistimu.

Ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini, kuwumqondo omuhle kakhulu Landa ikhophi yabashayeli benethiwekhi kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi we-PC yakho noma yomkhiqizi wamakhadi enethiwekhiUma ikhompyutha yakho ingenayo i-inthanethi, ungakwenza lokhu kusuka kwenye ikhompyutha bese ukopisha umshayeli uye ku-USB drive. Kuzodingeka wazi uhlobo kanye nemodeli yekhompyutha yakho noma i-adaptha yenethiwekhi.

Ukuze ubuyekeze umshayeli kusuka ku-Windows, vula i- Umlawuli wedivayisiKubha yokusesha, thayipha "Umphathi Wedivayisi" bese uyivula. Kuhlu, yandisa isigaba "sama-adapter enethiwekhi" bese uthola i-adaptha oyisebenzisayo (i-Wi-Fi noma i-Ethernet). Chofoza ngakwesokudla kuyo bese ukhetha "Buyekeza umshayeli." Bese ukhetha "Sesha ngokuzenzakalelayo isofthiwe yomshayeli ebuyekeziwe" ukuze i-Windows izame ukuthola inguqulo entsha.

Uma iWindows ingatholi lutho olusha, ungahlala faka ngesandla umshayeli owulandile Landa umshayeli kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi, ulandela imiyalelo yabo. Qiniseka ukuthi uqala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho ngemuva kwalokho ukuze umshayeli omusha alayishe kahle.

Uma uxhumano lwakho lungazinzi ngemva nje kokubuyekezwa okukhulu, ungakwazi futhi Khipha umshayeli bese uvumela iWindows ukuthi ifake kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo.Ukuze wenze lokhu, ku-Device Manager, chofoza kwesokudla ku-adaptha > "Khipha idivayisi" bese uhlola ibhokisi elithi "Zama ukususa umshayeli wale divayisi" ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa. Bese uqala kabusha i-PC yakho: I-Windows izosesha futhi ifake kabusha umshayeli we-adaptha yenethiwekhi. Uma kungenjalo, faka umshayeli wesipele owulungiselele kudrayivu ye-USB.

Izixazululo eziqondene ne-Android: I-Wi-Fi ixhunyiwe kodwa ayikho i-inthanethi, i-IP kanye ne-DNS

Izinkinga ze-Wi-Fi nazo zivame kakhulu kumafoni namathebulethi e-Android: Isithonjana se-Wi-Fi esimpunga esingenadatha, izihibe ezingapheli "zokuthola ikheli le-IP", iphasiwedi ebonakala ilungile kodwa engaxhumani, noma amanethiwekhi angatholakaliNakuba i-router ivame ukuba yimbangela, kunezilungiselelo eziningana ze-Android ezifanele ukuhlolwa.

Uma ubona ukuthi isithonjana se-Wi-Fi sixhunyiwe kodwa simpunga noma asibonisi ithrafikhi, futhi awunayo i-inthanethi, ikhambi elivamile elinconywayo ukuthi ukusetha kabusha kwasekuqaleni kwedivayisiKodwa ngaphambi kokuya kulokho okweqile, kufanelekile ukuzama izinguquko zokucushwa ezingatheni kakhulu, njengokusetha i-IP ne-DNS ngesandla.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, iya kuzilungiselelo > i-Wi-Fi, thepha bese ubamba inethiwekhi oxhumeke kuyo, bese ukhetha okuthi "Shintsha inethiwekhi." Maka ibhokisi lezinketho ezithuthukisiwe, bese ngaphansi kokuthi "izilungiselelo ze-IPv4," shintsha kusuka ku-"DHCP" uye ku-"Static IP." Bese, Lungiselela i-DNS usebenzisa amanani omphakathi aziwayo.Isibonelo, i-DNS 1 ka-Google = 8.8.8.8 kanye ne-DNS 2 = 8.8.4.4. Lokhu kungaxazulula izinkinga ezibangelwa iseva ye-ISP DNS enephutha noma ehlunga ithrafikhi.

Uma ifoni inamathele ku-"Ukuthola ikheli le-IP" unomphela, kungenzeka ukuthi ikhona Kungase kube nokungqubuzana neseva ye-DHCP ye-router, noma ikheli le-IP elizama ukulinika kungenzeka selivele lisetshenziswa enye idivayisi.Qiniseka ukuthi awuzange unikeze ikheli le-IP ngesandla kudivayisi yakho ye-Android okungenzeka ukuthi liphindwe kabili. Uma usenezinkinga, vala i-Wi-Fi yefoni yakho bese uyivula futhi ukuze uphoqe isicelo esisha. Uma amadivayisi amaningi exhunywe ku-router, wanqamule okwesikhashana ukuze ubone ukuthi elilodwa libangela ukungqubuzana. Njengendlela yokugcina, qala kabusha i-router yakho ukuze usabalalise kabusha lonke uhla lwamakheli.

Uma i-Android yakho ibonisa ukuthi "Uxhumano lugciniwe" kodwa lungalokothi luxhumeke, cishe njalo kungenxa ye- iphasiwedi epelwe kabiCindezela bese ubamba igama lenethiwekhi, khetha okuthi "Shintsha inethiwekhi," vumela okuthi "Bonisa iphasiwedi," bese uyiphinda uyifake ngokucophelela, uhlola izinhlamvu ezinkulu, izinhlamvu ezikhethekile, nezinombolo. Uma ungakakwazi ukuyifinyelela, hlola i-router yakho ukuze ubone ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokubethela olusetshenziswa yinethiwekhi; amanye amadivayisi amadala awasebenzi kahle ngamanethiwekhi e-WEP, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa i-WPA2 noma ngaphezulu.

Uma ubona imiyalezo efana nokuthi "Uxhumano olubi. Lukhutshaziwe" noma efanayo, imbangela ivame ukuba yi- Inhlanganisela yokumbozwa okubi, imikhawulo yenethiwekhi, noma izinkinga ngephrothokholi ye-DHCPNgaphezu kokusondela eduze kwe-router ngokomzimba, ungazama ukusetha ikheli le-IP elingaguquki njengakuqala: ku-"Ikheli le-IPv4" shintsha inombolo yokugcina ibe ngeyamahhala (phakathi kuka-2 no-199 kuvame ukujwayelekile kumanethiwekhi amaningi asekhaya) futhi, ku-Gateway kanye ne-DNS 1, faka ikheli le-IP le-router (isibonelo, 192.168.1.1 noma 192.168.1.254, kuye ngokuthi kwenzekani).

Uma ifoni ephathekayo ingakuboni ngisho nenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukuthi Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela nge-router ethile noma ngawo wonke amanethiwekhiUma kunethiwekhi eyodwa kuphela, zama wengeze mathupha Kusukela kuzilungiselelo > i-Wi-Fi > "Engeza inethiwekhi", faka igama (i-SSID), uhlobo lokuphepha, kanye nephasiwedi. Uma ingasasebenzi ngemva kwalokho, i-antenna ye-router ingase ibe nephutha. Uma inkinga ivela kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi, khona-ke kuyinkinga enkulu, futhi i-antenna ye-Wi-Fi ye-smartphone ngokwayo ingase yonakale.

I-DNS ehamba kancane, imizila engavamile, nezinkinga ngabahlinzeki

Kunezinye izimo ezilahliwe lapho isivinini sokulanda kanye ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi Uma ilinganiswa nge-Speedtest noma efanayo, inhle kakhulu. (isibonelo, ngaphezu kwe-150 Mbps ngama-ping angaphansi kwe-10 ms), kodwa amasayithi athile afana nezindawo zokugcina ze-Linux, i-F-Droid, i-Termux noma i-APKMirror ahamba kancane kakhulu, ngokulanda okungadluli amakhulu ambalwa e-KB/s noma isikhathi sokuphumula ngqo.

Kulezi zimo, inkinga ngokuvamile akuyona i-Wi-Fi yakho yasekhaya, kodwa imizila umhlinzeki wakho we-inthanethi ayisebenzisayo ukufinyelela izinsizakalo ezithile noma indlela i-DNS yezwe lakini exazulula ngayoNgezinye izikhathi kukhethwa imizila emide, edlula emazweni lapho okuqukethwe okuthile kuvinjiwe noma lapho kukhona ukuminyana ezindaweni ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ukushintsha i-DNS (isibonelo, ibe yi-Google noma i-Cloudflare's) kuxazulula inkinga yesivinini esisheshayo ngoba kusetshenziswa imizila ehlukene, emifushane enemincane yokuminyana.

Kodwa kungenzeka okuphambene nalokho: Ukushintsha i-DNS ku-router yakho noma kudivayisi yeselula kuzokwenza ulahlekelwe uxhumano lwakho. futhi uhlelo lubonisa ukuthi "Akukho inthanethi". Abanye abathwali bakhawulela noma bahlunga ukusetshenziswa kwamaseva e-DNS angaphandle, noma ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwe-IPv6 kungqubuzana nokucushwa ngesandla kwamaseva e-DNS omphakathi. Ku-Android, isibonelo, ukukhetha amaseva e-DNS ayimfihlo njenge-dns.google noma i-one.one.one.one kungabangela ifoni ukuthi ingabonisi uxhumano, kuyilapho i-VPN efana ne-Warp (evela ku-Cloudflare) ingasebenza futhi isheshise ukulanda ngoba idala umhubhe wayo obethelwe kanye nendlela ehlukile.

Kulezi zimo, ukushintsha abahlinzeki ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka noma akuxazululi lutho, ngoba Abasebenzi abaningana abavela ezweni elifanayo babelana ngengqalasizinda noma bahlushwa yimizila efanayo eminyeneIsu elihle kakhulu lihlanganisa:

• Zama amaseva e-DNS ahlukene (kusukela ku-opharetha, awesidlangalaleni avela ku-Google, i-Cloudflare, njll.) noma nini lapho inethiwekhi ivumela lokho.
• Hlola nge-traceroutes lapho ukwehla kokusebenza kwenzeka khona.
• Sebenzisa, uma kungenzeka, izinsizakalo ze-VPN ezithembekile ezihambisa ithrafikhi ezindleleni ezixinene kakhulu.

Uma lawo mawebhusayithi afanayo elayisha ngokushesha uma usebenzisa inethiwekhi yeselula yomunye umqhubi noma inethiwekhi yefoni yakho njengendawo eshisayo, kungenye inkomba yokuthi inkinga... phakathi komhlinzeki wakho wefayibha kanye namaseva okuya kuwohhayi ku-Wi-Fi yakho noma kwi-PC yakho.

Sula i-DNS cache, vuselela i-IP, bese ulungisa i-IPv6

Ngaphezu kwe-ipconfig /flushdns ku-Windows, kuyalulekwa ukwazi ukuthi kanjani Sula i-DNS cache bese uvuselela ikheli le-IP kwezinye izinhlelo.I-cache eyonakele noma isivumelwano se-DHCP esiphelelwe yisikhathi singabangela zonke izinhlobo zamaphutha angajwayelekile.

Ku-Windows sesivele siyibonile inqubo: vula i-cmd njengomlawuli, sebenzisa ipconfig / flushdns ukusula i-cache, bese kuthi, uma ufuna ukulungisa okwengeziwe, ipconfig / regdns ukubhalisa kabusha izilungiselelo ze-DNS. Ku-macOS, lokhu kwenziwa nge-Terminal: kusuka ku-Finder > Applications > Utilities, vula i-"Terminal" bese usebenzisa imiyalo efana ne- dscacheutil -flushcache, okuvame ukungezwa kuzo ezinguqulweni zanamuhla sudo killall -HUP mDNSReplyUmyalo oqondile uncike kunguqulo ye-macOS, kodwa umqondo uyafana: ukukhipha i-cache ukuphoqa uhlelo ukuthi lucele amakheli futhi kumaseva e-DNS amisiwe.

Ukuze uvuselele ikheli lakho le-IP ku-Windows, usuvele uyazi lokho ipconfig / ukukhululwa seguido de ipconfig / uvuselele Kuyinhlanganisela efanele. Ku-Mac, awudingi i-Terminal: kusuka kumenyu ye-Apple > Izilungiselelo Zesistimu > Inethiwekhi, khetha uxhumano lwakho (i-Wi-Fi noma i-Ethernet), iya ku-"Imininingwane," bese kuthebhu ethi "TCP/IP", chofoza okuthi "Vuselela i-DHCP Lease." Lokhu kuzokwenza uhlelo lucele ikheli elisha le-IP kusuka ku-router bese lulahla elidala.

Esinye isiqephu okufanele sicatshangelwe yilesi I-IPv6Yindlela yesimanje yokwandisa isikhala sekheli le-inthanethi, kodwa kwezinye izindawo ezingalungiselelwe kahle noma ngemishini emidala kungabangela izingxabano kanye namaphutha okuxazulula izinkingaNakuba kungalungile, ungayikhubaza okwesikhashana ukuze uhlole ukuthi ingabe iyona yini imbangela yezinkinga.

Ku-Windows, iya kuzakhiwo zakho zokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi (Iphaneli Yokulawula > Inethiwekhi kanye ne-inthanethi > Ukuxhumeka Kwenethiwekhi), chofoza kwesokudla ku-adaptha yakho, khetha "Izakhiwo," bese ususa ukumaka ebhokisini elithi "I-Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6)". Chofoza u-Kulungile bese uhlola uxhumano futhi. Ku-Mac, ungasebenzisa imiyalo efana [nemiyalo yokufinyelela i-Terminal]. ukusethwa kwenethiwekhi -setv6off Wi-Fi ukuyikhubaza ekuxhumekeni okungenantambo, noma ukusethwa kwenethiwekhi -setv6off Ethernet ukukwenza ngokuxhumeka kwentambo.

Uma ukukhubaza i-IPv6 kwenza inethiwekhi isebenze ngendlela evamile, kungadingeka ukuthi buyekeza abashayeli benethiwekhi, i-firmware ye-router, noma ngisho nesistimu yokusebenzaukuze bakwazi ukuphatha kangcono leyo protocol.

Shintsha amaseva e-DNS ku-Windows naku-Mac

Uma usuzame konke okungenhla futhi usabona imiyalezo yokuthi iseva ye-DNS ayiphenduli, icebo elilodwa eliphumelelayo kakhulu yileli shintsha amaseva e-DNS asetshenziswa yikhompyutha yakhoUma ungakaze uzithinte, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzisa lezo ezivela kumhlinzeki wakho we-inthanethi ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ku-Windows, iya kuzilungiselelo zakho zokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi, thola i-adaptha oyisebenzisayo (isibonelo, "i-Wi-Fi"), chofoza kwesokudla kuyo, bese ukhetha "Izakhiwo." Khetha "I-Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)" bese uchofoza "Izakhiwo." Ngezansi, maka "Sebenzisa amakheli eseva ye-DNS alandelayo" bese ufaka, isibonelo, 8.8.8.8 njengeseva ekhethwayo kanye no-8.8.4.4 njengenye indlela Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa i-Google, yamukela izinguquko bese uqala kabusha isiphequluli sakho.

Ku-macOS, iya ku-System Preferences > Network, khetha uxhumano lwakho, bese uchofoza okuthi "Imininingwane." Esigabeni se-DNS, ngaphansi kwamakheli e-IPv4/IPv6, chofoza uphawu "+" bese wengeza amakheli amaseva ofuna ukuwasebenzisa (isibonelo, amaseva omphakathi athembekile e-Google noma amanye). Londoloza izinguquko bese uzama ukuphequlula futhi.

Uma ukuphequlula kwakho kubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngemva kokushintsha i-DNS yakho, kusobala ukuthi Inkinga ivele kuseva ye-DNS yokuqala (ngokuvamile eye-opharetha wakho).Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izinto zihlala zinjalo, okungenani uzobe usususe ingxenye ebalulekile yephazili.

Uma konke lokhu kuhlangana—i-router ezinzile, abashayeli ababuyekeziwe, i-DNS ephendula ngokushesha, amakheli e-IP angenazo izingxabano, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilungiselelwe kahle—umphumela ojwayelekile uba ukuthi Ukunqanyulwa kwe-Wi-Fi, ukungqubuzana kwe-IP, kanye nemiyalezo ye-DNS ehamba kancane kuzoba yinto ehlukile. Futhi akuyona inkinga yansuku zonke. Futhi uma kusekhona amawebhusayithi athile amelana nayo, cishe njalo uzothola imbangela ekuqondisweni komhlinzeki wakho noma ekuhlungeni okuphakathi, kunokuba kube kudivayisi yakho.