- Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kokulandelela okuyisisekelo kwe-GPS nokuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe okusekelwe ku-IoT kanye ne-telemetry yezimoto.
- Izingxenye ezibalulekile zesakhiwo esixhunyiwe: kusukela kuzinzwa kanye nebhasi le-CAN kuya kumapulatifomu okuhlaziya idatha.
- Umthelela oqondile wokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ekunciphiseni izindleko zokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha emgwaqweni.
- Izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokukhetha abahlinzeki behadiwe nesofthiwe ngokuya ngohlobo lwemoto kanye nomzila.
Ukuphatha izimoto eziningi kulezi zinsuku kuyindaba ebuhlungu ngempela ngaphandle kwamathuluzi afanele. Akukhona nje ukwazi ukuthi iloli likuphi, kodwa nokuqonda okwenzekayo ngempela emgwaqweni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhizinisi linenzuzo futhi imali ayilahleki ngenxa yokuntuleka kukaphethiloli noma ukulungiswa okungalawulwa kahle.
Ukufika kwe-Internet of Things (IoT) kushintshe ngokuphelele lo mkhakha, okuvumela izimoto namaloli ukuthi "bakhulume" nehhovisi ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokuhlanganisa i-geolocation, i-telemetry, kanye nezinzwa ezihlakaniphile , izinkampani zingasuka ekuphathweni okusebenzayo, kokulwa nomlilo ziye emisebenzini ephuthumayo ebikezela izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba imoto iphuke.
Yini ngempela ehilelekile ekuphathweni kwemikhumbi esekelwe kwi-IoT?
Uma sikhuluma nge-IoT esetshenziswa kwezokuthutha, sibhekisela ohlelweni lwamadivayisi axhunyiwe aqoqa idatha yemoto bese eyithumela epulatifomu ephakathi. Ngokungafani ne-GPS yendabuko, okuyimephu enamaphuzu amaningi, i-IoT ihlanganisa iziguquguquko zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi njengebanga langempela, amahora okusebenza kwenjini, isimo senzwa, kanye nemicimbi eyahlukahlukene eqoshiwe ngenkathi ushayela.
Ukwakheka kwalolu hlelo kulandela indlela enengqondo: imoto ikhiqiza idatha ngezinzwa kanye ne-telemetry; lolu lwazi luhamba ngezinhlelo zokuxhumana zomshini nomshini (M2M) futhi lufika epulatifomu lapho luguqulwa khona lube ulwazi oluwusizo lokwenza izinqumo . Isihluthulelo lapha akukhona nje ukuqoqa idatha ukuze siyiqoqe, kodwa kunalokho ukwazi ukuthi yimiphi imibuzo esifuna ukuyiphendula ukuze utshalomali lube lufanele.
I-GPS vs IoT kanye neTelemetry: Azifani
Abantu abaningi badidanisa ukuqapha i-GPS nokuphathwa kwe-IoT, kodwa kunomehluko omkhulu. I-GPS inqunyelwe ekuphenduleni imibuzo ehlobene nendawo, njengokuthi imoto ime kuphi noma ukuthi ingene yini endaweni yokungena. Ngokuyisisekelo iwukulandelela indawo kanye nomzila.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphathwa kwe-IoT kusebenzisa indawo njengenye ingxenye yephazili, kwengezwa i-telemetry kuyo. I-Telemetry yikhono lokuthola nokudlulisa izinto ezikude ezivela enjinini noma ezinzwa zangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi i-GPS ikutshela ukuthi iloli limisiwe, i-telemetry ikutshela ukuthi injini isasebenza yini, ichitha uphethiloli ngokungadingekile, noma ukuthi izinga lokushisa lempahla likhuphuka kakhulu.
Idatha ebalulekile engaqoqwa yipulatifomu ehlakaniphile
Kuye ngobuchwepheshe obufakiwe, inkampani ingaqapha inani elikhulu lezinto eziguquguqukayo. Ukubeka indawo kanye nomlando wendlela kuyisisekelo, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kudlulele phambili kakhulu:
- Amamayela namahora okusebenzisa: Kubalulekile ukuhlela ukuhlolwa ngaphandle kokuthembela kumshayeli ukuthi abhale phansi ibanga elibekiwe ephepheni.
- Izinguquko zezimoto ngebhasi le-CAN: Ibhasi le-CAN liyinethiwekhi yangaphakathi yemoto; ukufinyelela kulo kukuvumela ukuthi ufunde idatha evela kumkhiqizi, yize Ukutholakala kuyahlukahluka ngokwemodeli kanye nephrothokholi.
- Izinzwa ezengeziwe: Uma imoto inganikezi ulwazi, kufakwa izinzwa zokushisa, umswakama, noma zokuvula iminyango, ezifanele kakhulu ukuphathwa kwe-cold chain.
- Imicimbi yokushayela: Amarekhodi okubhuleka okungazelelwe, ukusheshisa, noma isivinini esisheshayo asiza ekulungiseni imikhuba eyingozi.
Indlela yokulungisa ngobuhlakani
Ukuba nedatha kukuvumela ukuthi uyeke ukufaka ezinye izingxenye "ngoba nje kufanele" bese uqala ukwenza lokho kuphela uma kudingeka. Ukulungiswa kokuvimbela kusekelwe ezinkathini zesikhathi noma ibanga elinqunyiwe, kuyilapho ukulungiswa okusekelwe ezimweni kusebenza ngokwesimo sangempela semishini etholwe yizinzwa.
Izinga elilandelayo ukulungiswa kokubikezela. Khumbula ukuthi ukufaka nje inzwa akukwenzi ubikezele ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukuze ufeze lokhu, udinga amamodeli okuhlaziya kanye nedatha yomlando ekuvumela ukuthi ubikezele ukwehluleka ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Umehluko phakathi kokwazi ukuthi ingxenye igugile nokulinganisa ukuthi izophuka nini ngqo.
Indlela yokukhetha ihadiwe nesofthiwe efanele
Akuwona wonke amadivayisi e-GPS adalwe ngokulinganayo. Kunezinhlobo eziyisisekelo ezihlinzeka ngedatha yendawo kuphela, kanye nezithuthukisiwe ezinesitifiketi se-IP67 sokumelana nothuli namanzi , ezikwazi ukufunda i-ECU yenjini ngesikhathi sangempela. Kuma-fleet akude, kubalulekile ukuthi idivayisi ibe nesitoreji sendawo ukuze igweme ukulahleka kwedatha ezindaweni ezingenayo i-cellular coverage.
Uma ufuna umhlinzeki, kubalulekile ukubuza ukuthi banayo yini i -API evulekile yokuhlanganiswa nohlelo lwe-ERP lwenkampani. Ukuba nezinhlelo ze-telemetry kanye nezokukhokhisa ezihlukene akusizi ngalutho uma zingakwazi ukuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyalulekwa ukwenza isivivinyo sokuhlola ngezimoto ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kulo lonke iqembu ukuqinisekisa isignali ezinzile emizileni evamile.
Umthelela ekuphepheni kanye nesici somuntu
Ubuchwepheshe abugcini nje ngokulawula imoto; kodwa futhi bungobokusiza umshayeli. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera anobuhlakani bokwenziwa (i-DSM) kuvumela ukutholakala kwabashayeli abaphazamisekile, ukusetshenziswa komakhalekhukhwini, noma izimpawu zokukhathala, okubangela izexwayiso ezisheshayo. Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokugwema ukushayisana kwezimoto ze-ADAS, kunciphisa kakhulu izingozi.
Kubalulekile ukuthi la mathuluzi angabhekwa njenge-"monitor" kodwa njengendlela yokuqeqesha kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo . Ngokuhlaziya amaphethini okubhuleka noma ukusetshenziswa kokubhuleka kwenjini, abashayeli bangaqeqeshwa ukuthi basebenze kahle futhi baphephe kakhudlwana, okugcina kwandise isikhathi sokuphila kwempahla.
Ukuqaliswa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ku-Logistics 4.0
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi ye-IoT ayiphumeleli, isinyathelo sokuqala akusikho ukuthenga izinzwa, kodwa ukuchaza izinkinga. Inqubo efanele iqala ngokubona ukuthi yiziphi iziguquguquko ezihambisana nezinselele zokusebenza zangempela nokuhlola ukuhambisana kwemoto.
Uma uhlelo lokuxhumana kanye neplatifomu sekuklanyiwe, kubalulekile ukusungula izinqubo ezicacile zesaziso ngasinye. Uma uhlelo luxwayisa ngesivinini kodwa kungekho muntu obiza umshayeli ukuthi akulungise, ubuchwepheshe buyindleko, hhayi utshalomali. Ukuhlanganiswa kokugcina nezinhlelo zokuhlela kanye nezokuthutha kuguqula idatha ibe yizinzuzo zangempela zokuncintisana.
Ukuguqula imikhumbi evamile ibe yileyo ehlakaniphile kudinga inhlanganisela elinganiselayo yehadiwe eqinile, ukuxhumana okuthembekile, kanye neplatifomu ekwazi ukuguqula idatha eluhlaza ibe yizinqumo zamasu. Ngokuhlanganisa indawo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-telemetry okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuziphatha, izinkampani azigcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zikaphethiloli nokulungisa kodwa futhi zithuthukisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nensizakalo yamakhasimende, zivala umjikelezo kusukela ekubanjweni kwedatha kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwebhizinisi langempela.
