Amabhithi ayiyunithi eyisisekelo yolwazi kumakhompyutha nobuchwepheshe bedijithali ngokujwayelekile. Zimelela ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwesignali kagesi futhi zisetshenziselwa ukugcina nokudlulisa ulwazi ngendlela yekhodi kanambambili. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiziphi izingcezu, ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani, nokuthi kungani zibalulekile emhlabeni wekhompuyutha nobuchwepheshe.
Incazelo kanye nencazelo yamabhithi: konke odinga ukukwazi
Amabhithi Ziyizici ezibalulekile ezakha lonke ulwazi lwedijithali. Ibhithi ngalinye lingaba namanani amabili kuphela angaba khona: 0 noma 1. Ulwazi lugcinwa kukhompuyutha njengochungechunge lwamabhithi.
Isethi yamabhithi ayi-8 ibizwa i-byte, futhi iyiyunithi eyisisekelo yokugcina kumakhompyutha amaningi. Ibhayithi ingamela amanani ahlukene afika kwangu-256 (2^8), evumela izinhlamvu, izinombolo, nenye idatha ukuthi ifakwe ikhodi.
Amandla okugcina edivayisi akalwa ngawo ama-megabytes (MB) noma ama-gigabytes (GB), okuyiziphindaphinda zamabhayithi. I-megabyte ilingana namabhayithi ayizigidi ezingu-1, kanti igigabhayithi ilingana namabhayithi ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane.
Isivinini sokudlulisa idatha silinganiswa nge izingcezu ngomzuzwana (bps) noma amabhayithi ngomzuzwana (Bps). Isivinini se-inthanethi sivamise ukukalwa ngamamegabhithi ngomzuzwana (Mbps) noma amagigabhithi ngomzuzwana (Gbps).
Amabhithi ayisisekelo sekhompiyutha kanye nobuchwepheshe bedijithali. Ukuqonda incazelo yawo nendlela asetshenziswa ngayo kubalulekile kunoma ubani osebenza ngobuchwepheshe.
Isibonelo esincane: Kuyini futhi kusebenza kanjani?
Amabhithi ayiyunithi eyisisekelo yolwazi ezinhlelweni zedijithali futhi asetshenziselwa ukumela ulwazi ngesimo samakhodi kanambambili. Ingcosana iyidijithi kanambambili engaba namanani amabili angaba khona: 0 noma 1.
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi i-bit isebenza kanjani, singathatha iswishi yokukhanya njengesibonelo. Uma iswishi ivuliwe, imelelwa inani elingu-1, kuyilapho uma ivaliwe, imelelwa inani elingu-0. Ngakho, ingcosana ingamela isimo sokukhanyisa noma sokuvala, iqiniso noma amanga, yebo noma cha, phakathi kokunye.
Amabhithi ayisisekelo sekhompiyutha, njengoba asetshenziselwa ukumela ulwazi kumasistimu edijithali. Ulwazi lugcinwa ngendlela yokulandelana kwamabhithi, futhi abacubungulayo benza imisebenzi kulokhu kuhlelwa ukuze bafeze imisebenzi abayabelwe.
Asetshenziselwa ukumela ulwazi ngendlela yamakhodi kanambambili futhi abalulekile ekusebenzeni kwekhompyutha.
Ukubaluleka kokwazi ukuthi amabhithi ahunyushwa kanjani kubuchwepheshe banamuhla
Amabhithi Ziyiyunithi encane yolwazi kubuchwepheshe bedijithali, futhi ukubaluleka kwazo kuyiqiniso lokuthi zinesibopho sokudlulisa nokugcina idatha kumadivayisi kagesi.
Ukwazi ukuthi amabhithi ahunyushwa kanjani Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi amasistimu ekhompyutha asebenza kanjani nokuthi idatha idluliselwa kanjani. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuqonda, kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi amadivayisi axhumana kanjani nokuthi idatha igcinwa kanjani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda izingcezu kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kolwazi. Ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuthi idatha idluliselwa kanjani, kunzima kakhulu ukuyivikela ekuhlaselweni okungaba khona ku-inthanethi.
Namuhla, siphila emhlabeni okhulayo wedijithali, lapho ubuchwepheshe bugcwele kuzo zonke izici zokuphila. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi amabhithi asebenza kanjani ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele amathuba anikezwa ubuchwepheshe.
Isihloko esingaba khona sokubhala kabusha "Asetshenziswa kuphi amabhithi?" kungaba "Izinkambu ezahlukene lapho amabhithi asetshenziswa khona."
Asho ukuthini amabhithi?
I-Los bits Ziyiyunithi eyisisekelo yolwazi kukhompyutha futhi zisetshenziselwa ukumela ubukhona noma ukungabikho kombuso kusistimu yedijithali. Ngamanye amazwi, izingcezu yizona ezivumela amakhompyutha ukuthi acubungule ulwazi.
Nakuba ama-bits eyingxenye ebalulekile ye-computing, ukusetshenziswa kwawo akugcini kumakhompyutha kuphela. Amabhithi asetshenziswa nakweminye imikhakha, efana ne-electronics, ezokuxhumana, ezobunjiniyela, i-physics, kanye ne-biology.
Ku electronics, izingcezu zisetshenziselwa ukumelela ulwazi oludluliselwa ngamasekhethi kagesi. Kwe ukuxhumana, amabhithi asetshenziselwa ukumela ulwazi olusakazwa ngamanethiwekhi okuxhumana. Kwe Ubunjiniyela, amabhithi asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo. Kwe i-physics, izingcezu zisetshenziselwa ukumela izakhiwo zezinhlayiya ze-subatomic. Futhi ku biology, izingcezu zisetshenziselwa ukumelela ulwazi lofuzo lwezinto eziphilayo.
Ukwazi incazelo kanye nokusebenza kwazo kule mikhakha kungasisiza siqonde kangcono ukusebenza kwamasistimu namadivayisi amaningi esiwasebenzisayo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke.